• Menopause is the physiological cessation of menstrual cycles. This occurs when the ovaries stop producing estrogen, causing the reproductive system to slowly shutdown. This gradual process can take up to a year. The body adapts to the changes in natural levels of hormones in many ways. Some women  experience vasomotor symptoms such as hot flashes including night sweats, and/or palpitations, psychological symptoms such as increased depression, anxiety, irritability, mood swings, inability to concentrate and atrophic symptoms such as vaginal dryness and urgency of urination to appear.  



• Osteoporosis is a disease of of bone in which the bone mineral density is reduced. Osteoporotic bones are at greater risk for a fracture.  it is estimated that one in three women at the age of fifty worldwide have osteoporosis.  Dietary items high in calcium and vitamin D  as well as exercise are recommended to reduce the risk of osteoporosis.



• Human papillomavirus, or HPV, is a name of a group of viruses that include over 100 different strains or type. almost one third of these are sexually transmitted and they can infect the genital area. many people who become infected with HPV will not have any symptoms and some will clear the infection on their own.  All types of HPV can cause abnormal pap tests. Persistent infection with high risk HPV is the main risk factor of cervical cancer.

Birth Control Study